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Vessels and lids

Filling without a machine

Updated

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Hand pouring is entirely viable to a few hundred candles a run, and the difference between neat and messy is two pieces of equipment.

A pouring pot, not a jug

A proper pouring pitcher with a narrow spout and a comfortable handle. A saucepan or a jug with a rolled edge dribbles down the outside and marks every vessel it passes over.

Two pots are better than one: melt in the second while the first is pouring, which roughly doubles throughput.

Set up first

Vessels wicked, warmed and lined up. Labels not yet on. Thermometer in the pot. Reserve for the second pour set aside.

Everything within reach before the wax is at temperature, because the pour window is the constraint and anything you have to go and fetch is spent out of it.

Working a batch

Pour in one continuous movement per vessel, down the wall or onto the wick bar rather than straight at the base.

Work at a steady pace and do not stop halfway. A pause of five minutes means the last vessels are poured at a different temperature from the first, which shows as different surfaces.

Check the pot temperature every few vessels rather than at the start only.

Cleaning as you go

Wax on the outside of a vessel sets hard and has to come off before labeling, because no label adheres over it.

Wipe while warm with dry paper. Cold it takes a fingernail, and fifty vessels of that is an hour nobody costed.

And never pour wax down a drain. It sets in the trap, which is an expensive lesson in a rented kitchen.

References

No published source. This page is written from practice rather than from published guidance. No extension service or agency publishes on this question for candles, so nothing here is cited, and it should be weighed as experience and not as a standard.
Written from the federal regulation, the CPSC material and the published scope of the ASTM candle standards. The standards themselves are copyrighted documents that must be bought; what is described here is their scope and requirements as published, not their text. Your own burn testing against your own vessel and wick is what establishes whether a candle you made is safe.