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All Containers›Shop by use case›Furniture and cabinet hardware›The exclusions›Two percentages, both by volumeShop all furniture and cabinet →
The exclusions

Two percentages, both by volume

By Dwight Davis, Founder

On this page10
By volume, not weight or area. A fourth quantity in this library.

The standards carry two de minimis exemptions and they differ

A window is out if it contains less than five percent by volume of composite wood products, combined, in relation to the total volume of the finished window.

And a door is out at three

Exterior doors and garage doors are out if they contain less than three percent by volume of composite wood products, combined, in relation to the total volume of the finished door.

Volume is the measure and that is the notable part

Weight indexes the suppression of a fiber name in the textile rules. Surface area indexes a trim exemption. An area-weighted average indexes the lead free definition. This is the first threshold in this library measured as a fraction of a finished article by volume.

Which fits what is being regulated

An emission comes from a mass of material, and a volume of composite wood is a reasonable proxy for how much material is present. Neither surface nor weight of the finished article would track it as well.

The word combined appears in both paragraphs

Several small composite parts are added together rather than assessed one at a time. Which closes the obvious route around a de minimis figure, which is to use many small pieces instead of one large one.

The two percentages are not explained

Five for a window and three for a door, with no reason given in the text. The pages note the difference rather than offering an account of it, because the rule does not supply one.

Doors also get a second route out that has no number in it

A door is out if it is made from composite wood products manufactured with no-added formaldehyde-based resins or ultra low-emitting formaldehyde resins. Which is a material condition rather than a quantity.

So one product class has two independent exemptions

Either a small enough proportion by volume, or the right resin system regardless of proportion. A door satisfying either is outside the standards.

And that pairing is a familiar shape

A quantitative route and a qualitative route to the same exemption. The textile fiber rules do the same thing when they suppress a name below five percent by weight unless the fiber has a definite functional significance.

References

40 CFR 770.1(d) and (e). Paragraph (d): the emission standards "do not apply to windows that contain composite wood products, if the windows contain less than five percent by volume of composite wood products, combined, in relation to the total volume of the finished window." Paragraph (e): they do not apply to exterior doors and garage doors if "(1) The doors are made from composite wood products manufactured with no-added formaldehyde-based resins or ultra low-emitting formaldehyde resins; or (2) The doors contain less than three percent by volume of composite wood products, combined, in relation to the total volume of the finished exterior door or garage door." law.cornell.edu
Written from 40 CFR part 770 and from the catalog as it stood on 19 October 2026. Part 770 sets formaldehyde emission standards for composite wood products under TSCA Title VI; it does not govern cam locks, glides, hinges, hangers or shelf pins, and nothing here says it does. No container on this shelf is described as low emitting or certified under anything. Prices are a snapshot of one day, and a closure counted as matching a container shares its nominal neck finish in the catalog, which is a record and not a test. This shelf is shared identically by nine groups and the sewing notions property enumerates the inventory.