The mark on the packaging
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The wording
"The manufacturer of a children's product shall place permanent, distinguishing marks on the product and its packaging, to the extent practicable."
Two readers, two purposes
The manufacturer must be able to ascertain "the location and date of production of the product, cohort information (including the batch, run number, or other identifying characteristic)". The ultimate purchaser must be able to ascertain "the manufacturer or private labeler, location and date of production of the product, and cohort information".
Which is a recall mechanism
The point of a cohort is to be able to say which pieces are affected and which are not. A maker with no batch marking has to recall everything or nothing.
Permanent is the hard word on a small piece
A resin pendant has very little surface and no good place for a stamp. This is where "to the extent practicable" is doing real work.
And the packaging carries the rest
Which is why the requirement names it. Where the product cannot hold the information, the package is the surface that can, and that makes the package part of the compliance system.
Cohort information in a craft operation
A date and a batch letter is enough: the date you mixed and poured, and a letter for the pour. Printed, written in permanent ink, or on a sticker that will not lift.
Keep the record that the mark points to
A mark that nobody can look up is a mark that does nothing. The batch letter has to lead to a note of what was in that pour: which resin, which pigment lot, which findings.
Which is the same discipline the lead limit needs
A component with a certificate is only useful if you know which pieces it went into. The marking and the testing are one system rather than two obligations.
The Commission may exclude a class
Subparagraph (B) lets it do so by regulation where marking is not practicable for that product or class. That is a regulatory exclusion rather than a judgment you make at your bench.
Practically, mark the card and the piece
A date and batch on the backing card or box, and whatever the piece will carry. Two surfaces, one system, and it takes a rubber stamp.