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All Containers›Shop by use case›Home bulk and dry goods›The units›231 cubic inchesShop all bulk and dry goods →
The units

231 cubic inches

By Dwight Davis, Founder

On this page13
"the U.S. gallon of 231 cubic inches."

The provision

Statements of fluid measure shall be in terms of the U.S. gallon of 231 cubic inches and quart, pint, and fluid ounce subdivisions thereof.

Which defines the unit inside the labeling rule

Rather than pointing at a standards body. The gallon is 231 cubic inches and the regulation says so on its face.

231 cubic inches is 3,785 mL

Which is the figure that turns up all over this catalog: 13 containers at exactly that size in the pet food group, and a gallon is the top of several shelves.

And the subdivisions are named

Quart, pint and fluid ounce subdivisions thereof. So a fluid measure declaration uses that family and not an arbitrary fraction.

Weight has its own sentence

Statements of weight shall be in terms of avoirdupois pound and ounce. Which excludes the troy ounce, among other things.

Avoirdupois is doing real work there

The jewelry metalwork property finds a scheme built on troy weight. Naming the system removes an ambiguity that would otherwise be a factor of about ten percent per ounce.

Our shelf tops out at two gallons

7,571 mL, which is 462 cubic inches. The median is 2,514 mL, which is a little over two and a half quarts.

And nothing here is under a quart

Which is what makes this a bulk shelf. 950 mL is the smallest container and it is already a quart.

The cubic inch figure matters for a reason beyond units

A container has an external volume and an internal capacity, and the gap between them is what the pet food property measures as slack fill.

Our capacity field is the internal figure

Published on all 29 containers here. Which is the actual capacity the slack fill definition names as its first term.

So three properties share one number

The gallon at 231 cubic inches, as a unit here, as a capacity in pet food and as a standard of fill nowhere, because a US gallon is not an authorized wine fill.

Which the cider property measures

3.785 litres sits in the dead zone between the 3 litre standard and the 4 litre even-litre allowance.

References

21 CFR 101.7(b): "Statements of weight shall be in terms of avoirdupois pound and ounce." And "Statements of fluid measure shall be in terms of the U.S. gallon of 231 cubic inches and quart, pint, and fluid ounce subdivisions thereof". Paragraph (b)(2) sets the temperature at which a volume is expressed: for a frozen food, "express the volume at the frozen temperature"; for a refrigerated food, "express the volume at 40 degrees F (4 degrees C)"; for other foods, "express the volume at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C)". law.cornell.edu
Written from 21 CFR 101.7 and from the catalog as it stood on 19 October 2026. That section reaches a food in package form, meaning a package for sale, so almost none of it reaches somebody filling a pantry canister; it is quoted because the four permitted terms and the 231 cubic inch gallon are worth knowing and because it shows what changes when a jar is sold rather than filled. The mass against volume gap is set out in the specialty supplements property. Nothing here addresses net quantity formatting, type size, placement, metric declarations, or state weights and measures law.