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Two unit systems

A sentence that says which unit wins

By Dwight Davis, Founder

On this page11
One parenthesis settles a problem this catalog still has.

The requirement paragraph ends with a parenthesis about units

For compliance purposes, the English dimensions shall be used. The metric approximations are included only for convenience.

Which is a rule carrying two unit systems and naming the authoritative one

Not both equally. Not whichever is available. One of them governs and the other is explicitly described as an approximation included for convenience.

Nothing else in this library does that

Several rules state a figure in both systems: 2 kg and 70 ounces, 500 mL and 17 fluid ounces, 50 mm and 2 inches, 118 mL and 4 fluid ounces. None of the others says which one to use when they disagree.

And they can disagree, because a conversion is rounded

Fifty millimeters is 1.9685 inches and a rule that says 50 mm (2 in) has two slightly different numbers in it. On a gauge test with a marginal article that difference decides the outcome.

This catalog has the same problem and has not solved it

The cutting and abrasive property found that 215 of 238 containers on one shelf were specified in fluid ounces, with the milliliter figure stored beside them as arithmetic. 236.588 mL is eight fluid ounces and nothing else.

With the consequence that an exact milliliter search fails

Asking that shelf for exactly 250 mL returns two rows of 238. Asking for 225 to 275 returns 57, of which 47 are eight fluid ounces. The number is correct and the system it came from is in a separate field.

And this shelf has the same problem one level down

In the neck notation rather than the capacity. Every container here uses a dash notation and ten closures use a millimeter notation, and five of those six sizes exist on this shelf in both forms.

All ten of those closures are recorded as fitting nothing here

Which is what two vocabularies for one quantity costs. The sizes are present on both sides of the shelf and the record cannot connect them.

The fix in the regulation is one sentence and the fix here would be similar

Name the governing notation and record the other as a synonym. The CFR did it in a parenthesis. Nothing on these pages does it, because changing a record is not what a guide page is for.

But the pages do say which field answers the question

For a capacity, the recorded unit string. For a neck, the notation as written. Neither is the field anybody sorts on, and both are the field that resolves the ambiguity.

References

16 CFR 1501.4(a): "No toy or other children’s article subject to 1500.18(a)(9) and to this part 1501 shall be small enough to fit entirely within a cylinder with the dimensions shown in Figure 1, when tested in accordance with the procedure in paragraph (b) of this section. In testing to ensure compliance with this regulation, the dimensions of the Commission’s test cylinder will be no greater than those shown in Figure 1. (In addition, for compliance purposes, the English dimensions shall be used. The metric approximations are included only for convenience.)" 16 CFR 1501.1 explains that 1500.18(a)(9) classifies as a banned hazardous substance any toy or other article intended for use by children under 3 years of age that presents a choking, aspiration, or ingestion hazard because of small parts. law.cornell.edu
The Davis Pack Supply catalog, measured 19 October 2026. Every container on this shelf that records a neck finish uses the dash notation: 48-400, 53-400, 58-400, 63-400, 70-400, 75-400 and 89-400, plus one reading 38DBJ. No container uses a millimeter notation. Ten closures do: one at 38MM, one at 48MM, one at 53MM, three at 58MM, two at 70MM and two at 89MM. Five of those six millimeter values also appear on this shelf in the dash form. All ten of the millimeter closures are recorded as fitting nothing on this shelf, and nine of the ten are sealing discs. Of the fifteen closures here that fit nothing, ten are those millimeter rows and five record no neck finish at all: a dome lid, a dairy lid, two lip balm tube caps and a deodorant lid.
Written from 16 CFR part 1501 and from the catalog as it stood on 19 October 2026. That part provides the test method for identifying toys and other articles intended for use by children under three that present a choking, aspiration or ingestion hazard because of small parts; it does not govern contact lens cases, cufflink boxes, earplug carriers, hair ties or travel kits, and it does not reach any container on this shelf. Nothing here determines whether any article is intended for use by children under three, performs or reports any test, or offers guidance about child safety. A closure recorded as fitting a container shares a neck notation in the supplier record, which is not a test of fit.