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The worst case

Four ways of choosing the worst

By Dwight Davis, Founder

On this page11
Nothing here is averaged. Which is a choice, and other rules make it differently.

The direction is chosen to be the fastest

Preliminary trials determine the quickest burning direction, and the real specimens are cut from it. The classification describes the fabric along the line a flame will actually travel.

The area is chosen to be the most flammable

Embroidery on netting is tested with two sets of preliminary specimens to determine the most flammable area, one set of netting only and one mainly of embroidery, and the full test is completed on a sample cut from the area with the fastest burn rate.

That paragraph is explicit about what it is comparing

The most flammable area is defined as the one offering the greatest amount of netting or embroidery in the 150 mm direction. So the rule identifies the variable and then maximizes it.

The flame is aimed at the feature rather than at the field

For a metallic thread fabric the specimen must be arranged so that the test flame impinges on a metallic thread. A specimen cut without regard to the thread would be testing a different object.

And the result is the worse of before and after washing

The final classification shall be the preliminary classification before or after refurbishing, whichever is the more severe. A finish that suppresses flame spread and washes out is caught by that sentence.

Which is four separate worst case decisions in one part

Each one could reasonably have been an average. The drafting chose the worst in all four places, and for a rule about dangerous flammability that is the coherent choice.

Other rules in this library face the same problem and answer it differently

A non-uniform article has to be reduced to a single figure somehow, and there are three answers in use across these properties.

One averages over an area

The federal definition of lead free for pipes and fittings is a weighted average of 0.25 percent lead over the wetted surfaces, so a small high lead component can sit inside a compliant assembly.

One measures the part as a fraction of the whole

The textile trimmings rule exempts decorative trim provided it does not exceed 15 percent of the surface area of the article, which asks how much of the article the part occupies.

And this one tests the worst part and calls that the answer

Same problem, three answers. The one that chooses the worst part rather than the average or the fraction is the one about fire, which is a consistency worth noticing rather than a coincidence.

References

16 CFR 1610.6 and 1610.7. The test is run in the fabric’s worst direction: "Conduct preliminary trials to determine the quickest burning direction", after which specimens are cut "from the fastest burning direction". It is run on the worst area: embroidery on netting "shall be tested with two sets of preliminary specimens to determine the most flammable area (which offers the greatest amount of netting or embroidery in the 150 mm (6 in.) direction)", and "The full test shall be completed on a sample cut from the area that has the fastest burn rate." And 1610.7(a): "The final classification shall be the preliminary classification before or after refurbishing, whichever is the more severe flammability classification." law.cornell.edu
16 CFR 1610.6(a)(1), which gives guidelines for fabrics that "require extra attention when preparing test specimens because of their particular construction characteristics", noting that the list "is not intended to be all-inclusive". Fabrics flocked overall "are treated as raised surface textile fabrics"; flock printed fabrics "shall be treated as plain surface textile fabrics"; cut velvet with a patterned construction "shall be considered a raised surface textile fabric"; metallic thread fabrics "shall be considered plain surface textile fabrics provided the base fabric is smooth", with specimens cut so that "the test flame impinges on a metallic thread"; and flat woven constructions with burn-out patterns "shall be considered plain surface textile fabrics". Paragraph (a)(1)(vi): "Narrow fabrics and loose fibrous materials manufactured less than 50 mm (2 in) in width in either direction shall not be tested. If a 50 mm by 150 mm (2 in by 6 in) specimen cannot be cut due to the nature of the item, i.e. hula skirts, leis, fringe, loose feathers, wigs, hairpieces, etc., do not conduct a test." law.cornell.edu
Written from 16 CFR part 1610 and from the catalog as it stood on 19 October 2026. Part 1610 is the Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles and it classifies fabric by how fast a flame spreads across a test specimen; it does not govern clips, pins, blades or templates, and nothing here says it does. No container on this shelf is described as fire resistant, flame retardant or rated for anything, and no liner is described by what it will achieve in any particular use. This shelf is a subset of the store-small-dry shelf and the sewing notions property enumerates that shelf in full.