A go/no-go gauge
On this page11
The test, in full
"Place the article, without compressing it, into the cylinder. If the article fits entirely within the cylinder, in any orientation, it fails to comply with the test procedure."
Three conditions in one sentence
Without compressing it, entirely within, and in any orientation. Each of those closes a way of arguing that something passed.
Without compressing it
A soft part cannot be squeezed to fit, and equally cannot be squeezed to fail. The article is tested as it is.
In any orientation
Which is the one people forget. A long thin part that will not fit upright may fit diagonally, and diagonally counts.
Entirely within
Not mostly. A part resting with a corner proud of the rim has not fitted entirely, and a part that disappears inside has.
Then it is abused and tested again
The article goes through the use and abuse testing at 16 CFR 1500.51 and 1500.52, and anything that comes off is dropped into the cylinder on its own.
With a short exclusion list
Paper, fabric, yarn, fuzz, elastic and string are excluded from that second round. Everything else that liberates gets tested.
Which is why a kit is harder than a part
A model kit is an assembly designed to come apart. Every piece that can separate is its own test article.
This property does not quote the dimensions
The cylinder is specified by Figure 1 of the section rather than in the text, so there is no sentence to quote. The test is the quotable part and it is the useful part.
And the gauge is a real object you can own
Which is the practical point for a modeller with small children: the test is physical, repeatable and needs no expertise. Drop the part in and look.