Twenty six feet, five by eight inches
On this page11
Who needs one
"A ship, except a ship of less than 26 feet in length, must have a placard". Which puts a great many recreational boats inside the requirement.
The size
"At least 5 by 8 inches, made of durable material". A notice printed on paper and taped to a bulkhead is not made of durable material.
Where it goes
"In a conspicuous place in each machinery space, or at the bilge and ballast pump control station". Each machinery space, so a twin-engine boat with two spaces needs two.
What it says
"Discharge of Oil Prohibited", and the notice that the Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of oil into the navigable waters of the United States, with "substantial civil penalties and/or criminal sanctions including fines and imprisonment".
And in which language
The placard "must be printed in the language or languages understood by the crew". Which is a real requirement on a boat with a mixed crew and usually trivial on a family boat.
Why a packaging property cares
Because the placard is posted exactly where the oil is stored and handled. The regulation has already decided that the machinery space is the risk, and that is where your containers live.
It is a notice, not a control
A placard prevents nothing. It exists so that nobody can claim they did not know, which tells you how the enforcement regime views the hazard.
And the threshold tells you who is expected to have oil aboard
A 26 foot boat with a machinery space, an oil change interval and a bilge pump. That is precisely the customer for the lubricant leaf of this group.
The bilge pump station is the other location
Named as an alternative, which is a clue: the regulation treats the pump as the discharge path. What gets into the bilge gets out of the boat.
So store oil where the bilge is not
Which is a stowage decision rather than a packaging one, and it is the single most useful thing to say alongside a container: a sealed container in a tray, above the bilge, chocked so it cannot move.