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Is this for you at all

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Grinding roasted nuts into butter is the simplest production process in this library. The difficulty is entirely in the safety case, and it sits upstream of anything you do in a kitchen.

Why the making looks easy

Roast, grind, fill, close. There is no fermentation to wait for, no filed thermal process to establish, no acid to measure and no window to hit. A batch can be made and jarred in an afternoon, and the product tastes noticeably better than what most people buy. That combination is why so many makers start here.

Why the safety case is the hard part

A nut butter is a low-moisture, high-fat food. Nothing grows in it, which sounds reassuring and is only half the story: anything that was in it when it was jarred survives there, and the dryness and the fat together make that organism much harder to kill than it would be in a wet food. The control has to happen before the grinder, and it has to be a real control rather than a habit.

Which means your supplier matters more than your recipe

Most of what determines whether your product is safe was decided by whoever roasted the nuts, or by you at the roast if you do it. If you buy pre-roasted nuts, you are buying somebody else’s kill step, and you need to know what it was rather than assume one happened.

Who this suits

Somebody who is comfortable keeping records, asking suppliers awkward questions and holding a documented procedure rather than a feel for it. The craft rewards that temperament more than it rewards palate, which is the opposite of how it looks from outside.

Who it does not

Somebody looking for a product they can make at home and sell at a market next weekend. In most states this is not a cottage food product, and the reason is the one above rather than anything arbitrary.

References

United States Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Measures to Address the Risk for Contamination by Salmonella Species in Food Containing a Peanut-Derived Product as an Ingredient. fda.gov
Michigan State University, Center for Low-Moisture Food Safety. Thermal death kinetics of Salmonella in peanut butter as influenced by water activity, and the related work showing that Salmonella becomes more heat resistant as water activity falls. canr.msu.edu
21 CFR 164.150, Peanut butter: optional seasoning and stabilizing ingredients “do not in the aggregate exceed 10 percent of the weight of the finished food”, the fat content “shall not exceed 55 percent”, and artificial flavorings, artificial sweeteners, chemical preservatives and color additives are not suitable ingredients. law.cornell.edu
Written from federal regulation, FDA compliance policy and published food-safety research, not from a laboratory. The kill-step pages describe a real hazard and are a starting point for a conversation with your state department of agriculture and a process authority, not a determination that any roast you run is adequate.