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Bottling and presentation

Closures, orifice reducers and liners

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The closure is three components pretending to be one, and each can fail on its own.

The three parts

The cap, the liner inside it, and the orifice reducer fitted into the neck. The cap holds pressure, the liner makes the seal, and the reducer controls the dose.

Producers order the cap and inherit the other two, which is how a bottle that looks right leaks or doses badly.

Matching the reducer to the sauce

A reducer is a hole, and the hole has to suit the viscosity. A thin vinegar sauce through a wide orifice comes out as a pour, which is not how anyone wants to dose a hot sauce. A thick sauce through a narrow one does not come out at all until the bottle is squeezed hard, and then it comes out all at once.

Reducers come in a range of orifice diameters and in fitment styles. Test with the actual sauce at room temperature before committing to a case, because the difference between right and wrong is not visible in a catalog.

Also check the reducer seats properly in your neck. A loose one rides up when the cap is removed and ends up in the customer's hand.

Liners do the sealing

The liner is what contacts the product and what makes the seal. Pick one compatible with an acidic product; some foam and pulp liners are not, and the failure is a slow leak or a taint rather than an obvious fault.

Induction liners give a tamper-evident seal and need a sealing unit. Plain liners do not. Whichever you use, it must suit both the acid and the fill temperature.

Neck finish is the compatibility rule

A neck finish like 24-414 is a diameter and a thread specification, and it is the only thing that determines whether a cap fits. Bottles and closures are not interchangeable by size alone.

Order the closure with the bottle from the same supplier, or confirm the neck finish matches before you buy either. A cap that nearly fits is a leak, and it is the most expensive small mistake available in this category.

Finishes we stock, and what fits them

An orifice reducer and a cap are ordered against that number.
Glass Sauce Bottle
12 fl oz · 38-400 · Glass · to 300F
38-400 finish.
$1.35
each
See it
4 oz Amber Glass Boston Round Bottle
4 fl oz · 24-400 · Glass · to 300F
24-400 finish.
$0.61
each
See it
4 oz Amber Glass Boston Round Bottle
4 fl oz · 22-400 · Glass · to 300F
22-400 finish.
$0.62
each
See it
8 oz Amber Glass Boston Round Bottle
8 fl oz · 28-400 · Glass · to 300F
28-400 finish.
$0.83
each
See it

References

21 CFR Part 114, Acidified Foods. Low-acid foods to which acid is added, water activity above 0.85, finished equilibrium pH 4.6 or lower reached within the time designated in the scheduled process. 114.3 excludes carbonated beverages, jams, jellies and preserves, foods stored, distributed and retailed under refrigeration, and acid foods including condiment sauces containing small amounts of low-acid food whose finished equilibrium pH does not significantly differ from the predominant acid. ecfr.gov
US Food and Drug Administration. Draft Guidance for Industry, Chapter 16: Acidified Foods. fda.gov
Written from published extension guidance and federal publications, not from a laboratory. Your state's requirements and your own process govern anything general said here.