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The waste

Before any dilution

Updated

On this page8
The determination belongs to the waste as generated, and the rule says so in those terms.

What the rule says

The hazardous waste determination for each solid waste must be made at the point of waste generation, before any dilution, mixing, or other alteration of the waste occurs.

So the first idea anybody has does not work

Pour the spent fixer into a larger volume of rinse water, measure the mixture, and report a figure under 5.0 mg/L. That is dilution before the determination and the clause is written to prevent exactly it.

Mixing is named separately

Combining spent fixer with developer, stop bath or wash water is mixing, and it happens naturally if everything goes into one carboy. Keeping the fixer separate is both the practical and the regulatory course.

And the obligation can arise again later

The rule also requires a determination at any time in the course of management that the waste has, or may have, changed its properties as a result of exposure to the environment or other factors. It is not a one-time exercise.

Which argues for separate containers at the tray

One container for spent fixer and others for the rest, filled at the point of generation. That is the arrangement the rule effectively describes, and it is also the one that makes silver recovery possible.

Recovery is the reason to keep it separate anyway

Silver in spent fixer is worth recovering, and a recovery service wants it unmixed. The regulatory requirement and the commercial interest point the same way, which is unusual and convenient.

The sequence has three steps, in order

Is the waste excluded from regulation. If not, is it listed. If not, does it exhibit a characteristic. Going straight to the third question is the common shortcut and it skips a step the rule puts first.

References

40 CFR 262.11, Hazardous waste determination and recordkeeping. The determination must be made at the point of waste generation, before any dilution, mixing or other alteration occurs, and again if the properties change; and it may be made using knowledge of the waste including its origin, composition, the process producing it and the feedstock. law.cornell.edu
40 CFR 261.4, the exclusions from the definition of solid and hazardous waste, which 40 CFR 262.11(b) requires a generator to check before going on to the listing and characteristic questions. law.cornell.edu
Written from federal regulation and from measured catalog data, not from a darkroom. Hazardous waste regulation is federal with authorized state programs on top, and many states and municipalities regulate silver discharge to sewer separately. The determination for a specific waste is the generator’s to make.