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Chocolate

Buying couverture, and what to ask for

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Nearly every small confectioner buys finished chocolate, which means most of your product was made by somebody else.

Ask for the specification, not the marketing

Cacao percentage, cocoa butter content, the composition that supports the standard of identity you intend to claim, and the recommended tempering curve. All of that exists as a document and a supplier who deals with professionals will have it.

Cocoa butter content decides how it flows

A couverture with more cocoa butter is thinner when melted and coats more finely, which matters for enrobing and for molded shells. Two chocolates at the same cacao percentage can behave completely differently for this reason, which catches people who switch brands on price.

Origin and certification claims are theirs

Single origin, a named region, organic or a fair trade scheme are claims about a supply chain you did not see. Repeating them on your label means you need documentation against the lot, and for certification schemes it may mean being in the scheme yourself.

Allergens travel with it

Milk in a milk or white chocolate, soy lecithin as an emulsifier in most of them, and whatever else runs on the manufacturer’s line. Their cross-contact statement becomes part of yours, and a nut-free claim on your product depends on their facility as much as on your kitchen.

Buy to your turnover

Couverture keeps well in the right conditions and it is a significant amount of cash sitting in a store room, and it does pick up smells and can bloom in a store room that swings in temperature. Buying a year ahead for a price break is the same mistake the oils property describes.

Store it away from everything aromatic

Cocoa butter takes up odors readily, so chocolate stored near spices, cleaning products or scented stock will carry them into the finished product. Cool, dry, stable and isolated is the specification.

References

21 CFR 163.123, Sweet chocolate: “Sweet chocolate contains not less than 15 percent by weight of chocolate liquor”, and semisweet or bittersweet chocolate “not less than 35 percent by weight of chocolate liquor.” law.cornell.edu
21 CFR 101, Food Labeling, which carries the general requirements that apply where there is no standard of identity: the statement of identity, net quantity, ingredient list, allergen declaration and the name and place of business of the responsible party. law.cornell.edu
Written from federal regulation and the published physical chemistry of sugar and cocoa butter, not from a laboratory. The chocolate standards of identity are specific and the sugar confectionery names are not, which is the main thing to carry away. Anything here is a starting point for a conversation with your state department of agriculture, not a determination that you comply.